<address id="lxrbh"></address>
      <em id="lxrbh"><span id="lxrbh"></span></em>

      ScienceDaily
      Your source for the latest research news
      Follow Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Subscribe RSS Feeds Newsletters
      New:
      • New Physics and the Early Universe
      • How SARS-CoV-2 Rapidly Damages Human Lung Cells
      • Greenland Ice Sheet Faces Irreversible Melting
      • Early Changes in Alzheimer’s Before Symptoms
      • Fingerprints Strengthen Human Touch
      • Is It Better to Give Than Receive?
      • New Hubble Data Explains Missing Dark Matter
      • What Triggers Leaf Die-Off in Autumn?
      • Alligators Can Regrow Their Tails Too
      • Two Liquid States of Water Exist
      advertisement
      Follow all of ScienceDaily's latest research news and top science headlines!
      Science News
      from research organizations

      1

      2

      New key player in long-term memory

      Long-term memory controlled by protein synthesis in inhibitory cells

      Date:
      October 7, 2020
      Source:
      McGill University
      Summary:
      A research team has discovered that during memory consolidation, there are at least two distinct processes taking place in two different brain networks -- the excitatory and inhibitory networks. The excitatory neurons are involved in creating a memory trace, and the inhibitory neurons block out background noise and allow long-term learning to take place.
      Share:
      FULL STORY

      Neurons illustration | Credit: © solvod / stock.adobe.com
      Neurons illustration (stock image).
      Credit: © solvod / stock.adobe.com
      Neurons illustration | Credit: © solvod / stock.adobe.com
      Neurons illustration (stock image).
      Credit: © solvod / stock.adobe.com

      A McGill-led multi-institutional research team has discovered that during memory consolidation, there are at least two distinct processes taking place in two different brain networks -- the excitatory and inhibitory networks. The excitatory neurons are involved in creating a memory trace, and the inhibitory neurons block out background noise and allow long-term learning to take place.

      advertisement

      The team, led by McGill University Professors Nahum Sonenberg and Arkady Khoutorsky, Université de Montréal Professor Jean-Claude Lacaille, and University of Haifa Professor Kobi Rosenblum, senior authors on the paper published today in Nature, also found that each neuronal system can be selectively manipulated to control long-term memory. The research, which answers a long-standing question about which neuronal subtypes are involved in memory consolidation, has potential implications for novel targets for medication for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and autism, which involve altered memory processes.

      Looking for the neurons involved in memory consolidation

      How do short-term memories (which last just a few hours) transform into long-term memories (which may last years)? It's been known for decades that this process, called memory consolidation, requires the synthesis of new proteins in brain cells. But until now, it hasn't been known which subtypes of neurons were involved in the process.

      To identify which neuronal networks are essential in memory consolidation, the researchers used transgenic mice to manipulate a particular molecular pathway, eIF2α, in specific types of neurons. This pathway had already been shown to play a key role in controlling the formation of long-term memories and regulating protein synthesis in neurons. Moreover, earlier research had identified eIF2α as pivotal for both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.

      Excitatory and inhibitory systems both play a role in memory consolidation

      "We found that stimulation of protein synthesis via eIF2α in excitatory neurons of the hippocampus was sufficient to enhance memory formation and modification of synapses, the sites of communication between neurons," says Dr. Kobi Rosenblum.

      However, interestingly, "we also found that stimulation of protein synthesis via eIF2α in a specific class of inhibitory neurons, somatostatin interneurons, was also sufficient to augment long-term memory by tuning the plasticity of neuronal connections," says Dr. Jean-Claude Lacaille.

      "It is fascinating to be able to show that these new players -- inhibitory neurons -- have an important role in memory consolidation," added Dr. Vijendra Sharma, a research associate in Prof. Sonenberg's lab and the first author on the paper. "It had been assumed, until now, that eIF2α pathway regulates memory via excitatory neurons."

      "These new findings identify protein synthesis in inhibitory neurons, and specifically somatostatin cells, as a novel target for possible therapeutic interventions in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and autism," concluded Dr. Nahum Sonenberg. "We hope that this will help in the design of both preventative and post-diagnosis treatments for those who suffer from disorders involving memory deficits."

      The research was funded by: Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), in partnership with the Azrieli Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) to K.R. and N.S., JCL is supported by a CIHR Project grant and a Canada Research Chair in Cellular and Molecular Neurophysiology.

      make a difference: sponsored opportunity

      Story Source:

      Materials provided by McGill University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


      Journal Reference:

      1. Vijendra Sharma, Rapita Sood, Abdessattar Khlaifia, Mohammad Javad Eslamizade, Tzu-Yu Hung, Danning Lou, Azam Asgarihafshejani, Maya Lalzar, Stephen J. Kiniry, Matthew P. Stokes, Noah Cohen, Alissa J. Nelson, Kathryn Abell, Anthony P. Possemato, Shunit Gal-Ben-Ari, Vinh T. Truong, Peng Wang, Adonis Yiannakas, Fatemeh Saffarzadeh, A. Claudio Cuello, Karim Nader, Randal J. Kaufman, Mauro Costa-Mattioli, Pavel V. Baranov, Albert Quintana, Elisenda Sanz, Arkady Khoutorsky, Jean-Claude Lacaille, Kobi Rosenblum, Nahum Sonenberg. eIF2α controls memory consolidation via excitatory and somatostatin neurons. Nature, 2020; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2805-8

      Cite This Page:

      • MLA
      • APA
      • Chicago
      McGill University. "New key player in long-term memory: Long-term memory controlled by protein synthesis in inhibitory cells." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 October 2020. <www.theclynefaction.com/releases/2020/10/201007123121.htm>.
      McGill University. (2020, October 7). New key player in long-term memory: Long-term memory controlled by protein synthesis in inhibitory cells. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 3, 2020 from www.theclynefaction.com/releases/2020/10/201007123121.htm
      McGill University. "New key player in long-term memory: Long-term memory controlled by protein synthesis in inhibitory cells." ScienceDaily. www.theclynefaction.com/releases/2020/10/201007123121.htm (accessed December 3, 2020).

      • RELATED TOPICS
        • Mind & Brain
          • Memory
          • Intelligence
          • Alzheimer's
          • Dementia
          • Neuroscience
          • Learning Disorders
          • Dyslexia
          • Disorders and Syndromes
      advertisement

      • RELATED TERMS
        • Computational neuroscience
        • Neural network
        • Excitotoxicity and cell damage
        • Limbic system
        • Memory
        • Dementia
        • Memory-prediction framework
        • Neuron

      1

      2

      3

      4

      5
      RELATED STORIES

      New Insights Into How Inhibitory Neurons Contribute to Functional Networks in the Cortex
      Mar. 8, 2017 — Networks consist of many types of neurons, including some that send excitatory signals, increasing the likelihood of other neurons firing, and some that send inhibitory signals, decreasing the ...
      Scientists Discover New Mechanism of How Brain Networks Form
      Dec. 26, 2016 — Scientists have discovered that networks of inhibitory brain cells or neurons develop through a mechanism opposite to the one followed by excitatory networks. Excitatory neurons sculpt and refine ...
      Specialized Nerve Cells in Brain Region Responsible for Emotional Memory Play Important Role in Fear Learning
      July 14, 2016 — The function of sparse population of inhibitory neurons in memory encoding has been explained in a new article. The study focused on identifying the synaptic connections between inhibitory PV-INs, ...
      Identification of the Action Mechanism of a Protein Impacting Neural Circuit Development
      May 30, 2016 — New research uncovers the action mechanism of an enzyme called DHHC9 in normal development and function of neural networks in the brain. Mutations in DHHC9 have been identified in patients suffering ...
      FROM AROUND THE WEB

      ScienceDaily shares links with sites in the TrendMD network and earns revenue from third-party advertisers, where indicated.
        Print   Email   Share

      advertisement

      1

      2

      3

      4

      5
      Most Popular
      this week

      HEALTH & MEDICINE
      The Six Strains of SARS-CoV-2
      Glucosamine May Reduce Overall Death Rates as Effectively as Regular Exercise, Study Suggests
      (c) (c) Photocreo Bednarek / AdobeResearchers Examine Which Approaches Are Most Effective at Reducing COVID-19 Spread
      MIND & BRAIN
      (c) (c) pelooyen / AdobeZebra Finches Amazing at Unmasking the Bird Behind the Song
      (c) (c) whitehoune / AdobeFrom the Inside Out: How the Brain Forms Sensory Memories
      (c) (c) oatawa / AdobeHealthy Sleep Habits Help Lower Risk of Heart Failure
      LIVING & WELL
      Boy or Girl? It's in the Father's Genes
      Aim to Exceed Weekly Recommended Physical Activity Level to Offset Health Harms of Prolonged Sitting
      Everyday Activities Enhance Personal Well-Being
      advertisement

      Strange & Offbeat
       

      HEALTH & MEDICINE
      Biofriendly Protocells Pump Up Blood Vessels
      Researchers Identify Features That Could Make Someone a Virus Super-Spreader
      New Effective and Safe Antifungal Isolated from Sea Squirt Microbiome
      MIND & BRAIN
      (c) (c) pelooyen / AdobeZebra Finches Amazing at Unmasking the Bird Behind the Song
      A Malformation Illustrates the Incredible Plasticity of the Brain
      Water Fleas on 'Happy Pills' Have More Offspring
      LIVING & WELL
      Key Advance for Printing Circuitry on Wearable Fabrics
      Luminescent Wood Could Light Up Homes of the Future
      Research Lays Groundwork for Ultra-Thin, Energy Efficient Photodetector on Glass
      SD
      • SD
        • Home Page
        • Top Science News
        • Latest News
      • Home
        • Home Page
        • Top Science News
        • Latest News
      • Health
        • View all the latest top news in the health sciences,
          or browse the topics below:
          Health & Medicine
          • Allergy
          • Alternative Medicine
          • Birth Control
          • Cancer
          • Diabetes
          • Diseases
          • Heart Disease
          • HIV and AIDS
          • Obesity
          • Stem Cells
          • ... more topics
          Mind & Brain
          • ADD and ADHD
          • Addiction
          • Alzheimer's
          • Autism
          • Depression
          • Headaches
          • Intelligence
          • Psychology
          • Relationships
          • Schizophrenia
          • ... more topics
          Living Well
          • Parenting
          • Pregnancy
          • Sexual Health
          • Skin Care
          • Men's Health
          • Women's Health
          • Nutrition
          • Diet and Weight Loss
          • Fitness
          • Healthy Aging
          • ... more topics
      • Tech
        • View all the latest top news in the physical sciences & technology,
          or browse the topics below:
          Matter & Energy
          • Aviation
          • Chemistry
          • Electronics
          • Fossil Fuels
          • Nanotechnology
          • Physics
          • Quantum Physics
          • Solar Energy
          • Technology
          • Wind Energy
          • ... more topics
          Space & Time
          • Astronomy
          • Black Holes
          • Dark Matter
          • Extrasolar Planets
          • Mars
          • Moon
          • Solar System
          • Space Telescopes
          • Stars
          • Sun
          • ... more topics
          Computers & Math
          • Artificial Intelligence
          • Communications
          • Computer Science
          • Hacking
          • Mathematics
          • Quantum Computers
          • Robotics
          • Software
          • Video Games
          • Virtual Reality
          • ... more topics
      • Enviro
        • View all the latest top news in the environmental sciences,
          or browse the topics below:
          Plants & Animals
          • Agriculture and Food
          • Animals
          • Biology
          • Biotechnology
          • Endangered Animals
          • Extinction
          • Genetically Modified
          • Microbes and More
          • New Species
          • Zoology
          • ... more topics
          Earth & Climate
          • Climate
          • Earthquakes
          • Environment
          • Geography
          • Geology
          • Global Warming
          • Hurricanes
          • Ozone Holes
          • Pollution
          • Weather
          • ... more topics
          Fossils & Ruins
          • Ancient Civilizations
          • Anthropology
          • Archaeology
          • Dinosaurs
          • Early Humans
          • Early Mammals
          • Evolution
          • Lost Treasures
          • Origin of Life
          • Paleontology
          • ... more topics
      • Society
        • View all the latest top news in the social sciences & education,
          or browse the topics below:
          Science & Society
          • Arts & Culture
          • Consumerism
          • Economics
          • Political Science
          • Privacy Issues
          • Public Health
          • Racial Disparity
          • Religion
          • Sports
          • World Development
          • ... more topics
          Business & Industry
          • Biotechnology & Bioengineering
          • Computers & Internet
          • Energy & Resources
          • Engineering
          • Medical Technology
          • Pharmaceuticals
          • Transportation
          • ... more topics
          Education & Learning
          • Animal Learning & Intelligence
          • Creativity
          • Educational Psychology
          • Educational Technology
          • Infant & Preschool Learning
          • Learning Disorders
          • STEM Education
          • ... more topics
      • Quirky
        • Top News
        • Human Quirks
        • Odd Creatures
        • Bizarre Things
        • Weird World
      Free Subscriptions

      Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader:

      • Email Newsletters
      • RSS Feeds
      Follow Us

      Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks:

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      Have Feedback?

      Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. Have any problems using the site? Questions?

      • Leave Feedback
      • Contact Us
      About This Site  |  Staff  |  Reviews  |  Contribute  |  Advertise  |  Privacy Policy  |  Editorial Policy  |  Terms of Use
      Copyright 2020 ScienceDaily or by other parties, where indicated. All rights controlled by their respective owners.
      Content on this website is for information only. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice.
      Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners.
      Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated.
      — CCPA: Do Not Sell My Information — — GDPR: Privacy Settings —
      118论坛 118网址之家